> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.yamata.io/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.yamata.io/yamata-nodes/order-validation/voting-and-sequencer-defense.md).

# Voting & Sequencer Defense

Once the **5 VN consensus** has been reached and the challenge moves forward, the next step is **voting by all remaining VNs**.

<figure><img src="/files/JznYowC6ZSV8gn5bna0j" alt=""><figcaption><p>Voting &#x26; Sequencer Defense Flow</p></figcaption></figure>

### **Voting by the VNs**

Once the challenge has been raised the **Validating Nodes (VNs)** proceed to vote on the validity of the challenge. This is a key part of ensuring that the decision is decentralized and collectively agreed upon.

* For the challenge to be upheld, a **majority of VNs** must agree that the sequencer was wrong. This majority is defined as **½ + 1 of all VNs** participating in the voting process.
* The voting ensures that no single entity can make the decision alone and that a fair consensus is reached.

**Outcomes:**

**If more than half of the VNs agree** that the sequencer was wrong:

* The challenge is deemed **valid** and proceeds to the last stage of the sequencer defense.

**If less than half of the VNs agree** that the sequencer was wrong:

* The challenge is **dismissed**, and the **5 VNs** who initiated the challenge are **punished** for raising an incorrect challenge.

***

### **Can the Sequencer Defend the Challenge?**

Once the VNs vote in favor of the challenge, the **sequencer** is given an opportunity to defend its actions. The sequencer must provide clear evidence showing that:

* It processed the transactions in the correct sequence.
* No orders were excluded.
* The on-chain and off-chain data match.

This step is crucial for allowing the sequencer to justify its decisions and potentially resolve the issue.

**Outcomes:**

**If the sequencer successfully defends the challenge**:

* The challenge is dismissed, and the majority of VNs who initiated and agreed on it are **punished**.
* This discourages incorrect challenges from being raised in the future.

**If the sequencer cannot defend the challenge**:

* The challenge is deemed **valid**, and the sequencer is punished.
* The VNs who raised and agreed on the challenge are **rewarded** for catching the error.

{% hint style="info" %}
Depending on whether the **sequencer** or the **Validating Nodes (VNs)** are found to be right or wrong, the process continues in two paths: [**Punishment**](/yamata-nodes/reputation-system/punishment-process.md) and [**Rewards**](/yamata-nodes/reward-process.md).&#x20;
{% endhint %}