Voting & Sequencer Defense
Last updated
Last updated
Once the 5 VN consensus has been reached and the challenge moves forward, the next step is voting by all remaining VNs.
Once the challenge has been raised the Validating Nodes (VNs) proceed to vote on the validity of the challenge. This is a key part of ensuring that the decision is decentralized and collectively agreed upon.
For the challenge to be upheld, a majority of VNs must agree that the sequencer was wrong. This majority is defined as ½ + 1 of all VNs participating in the voting process.
The voting ensures that no single entity can make the decision alone and that a fair consensus is reached.
Outcomes:
If more than half of the VNs agree that the sequencer was wrong:
The challenge is deemed valid and proceeds to the last stage of the sequencer defense.
If less than half of the VNs agree that the sequencer was wrong:
The challenge is dismissed, and the 5 VNs who initiated the challenge are punished for raising an incorrect challenge.
Once the VNs vote in favor of the challenge, the sequencer is given an opportunity to defend its actions. The sequencer must provide clear evidence showing that:
It processed the transactions in the correct sequence.
No orders were excluded.
The on-chain and off-chain data match.
This step is crucial for allowing the sequencer to justify its decisions and potentially resolve the issue.
Outcomes:
If the sequencer successfully defends the challenge:
The challenge is dismissed, and the majority of VNs who initiated and agreed on it are punished.
This discourages incorrect challenges from being raised in the future.
If the sequencer cannot defend the challenge:
The challenge is deemed valid, and the sequencer is punished.
The VNs who raised and agreed on the challenge are rewarded for catching the error.
Depending on whether the sequencer or the Validating Nodes (VNs) are found to be right or wrong, the process continues in two paths: Punishment and Rewards.
