# Challenge Process

The Challenge Process begins when **Validating Nodes (VNs)** detect a discrepancy in the transaction processing.

<figure><img src="/files/aFsTukyOzlZ4zXrsEe7B" alt=""><figcaption><p>Challenge Process</p></figcaption></figure>

**These discrepancies can arise from various issues, such as:**

* A mismatch between **off-chain orders** processed by the sequencer and their corresponding **on-chain orders**.
* Off-chain orders being processed **out of sequence** by the sequencer (e.g., an order that should have been processed first was handled later).
* **Exclusion** of an order from the blockchain entirely by the sequencer, even though it was a valid order that was processed **on-chain**.

{% hint style="info" %}
When VNs detect one of these problems, they can trigger a **challenge**.
{% endhint %}

<figure><img src="/files/QqxD8wcfrwnB2fzeBAWS" alt=""><figcaption><p>Challenge Process Flow</p></figcaption></figure>


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